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Cabbage Rolls

Published Oct. 6, 2023

Cabbage Rolls
Christopher Testani for The New York Times. Food Stylist: Simon Andrews.
Total Time
2 hours and 30 minutes
Prep Time
5 minutes
Cook Time
2 hours and 25 minutes
Rating
4(298)
Notes
Read community notes

Cabbage leaves stuffed with a mixture of meat, vegetables and rice have been eaten in Europe for centuries. While variations abound, the version most popular in the United States bears some resemblance to Polish gołąbki, in which the leaves are filled with a mixture of cooked ground beef, pork and rice, then rolled and baked in tomato sauce. The rolls are incredibly tender, lightly spiced, and topped with fresh dill. Serve with classic mashed potatoes for a comforting cold weather meal.

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Ingredients

Yield:6 to 8 servings
  • teaspoons kosher salt (such as Diamond Kosher), plus more as needed
  • 1large head green cabbage (about 4 pounds)
  • 1tablespoon olive oil
  • 1medium yellow onion, chopped
  • 2tablespoons minced garlic (about 4 large cloves)
  • 1teaspoon sweet paprika
  • ½teaspoon black pepper, plus more for serving
  • ½pound ground pork
  • ½pound ground beef (preferably 85% lean)
  • 1tablespoon tomato paste
  • 1(14.5-ounce) can diced tomatoes
  • cups cooked white rice
  • 1large egg, lightly beaten
  • ¼cup chopped fresh dill, plus more for serving
  • 1(14.5-ounce) can tomato sauce
Ingredient Substitution Guide
Nutritional analysis per serving (8 servings)

305 calories; 15 grams fat; 5 grams saturated fat; 0 grams trans fat; 7 grams monounsaturated fat; 1 gram polyunsaturated fat; 30 grams carbohydrates; 8 grams dietary fiber; 11 grams sugars; 16 grams protein; 704 milligrams sodium

Note: The information shown is Edamam’s estimate based on available ingredients and preparation. It should not be considered a substitute for a professional nutritionist’s advice.

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Preparation

  1. Step 1

    Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Add the entire head of cabbage and cook for 2 minutes, holding the cabbage down with the pot lid so it doesn’t float. (If your pot is not tall enough to fit the entire head of cabbage, cook for 2 minutes on each side, turning with a pair of tongs.) Place the cabbage in a colander and set aside until cool enough to handle.

  2. Step 2

    Gently remove the 10 outermost leaves from the cabbage (see Tip). The leaves should be tender and pliable — if some of the inner leaves begin to tear, return the partially stripped head to the pot and cook for 2 more minutes, repeating as many times as necessary to remove the leaves without tearing. At the base of each stem, cut a triangle to remove the thickest part of the leaf. Lay the cabbage leaves on a clean dish towel to dry.

  3. Step 3

    Heat the oven to 350 degrees. In a large (12-inch) skillet, heat the olive oil over medium. Add the onion and cook, stirring occasionally, until translucent, 4 to 6 minutes. Add the garlic, paprika, salt and pepper; cook until the garlic is fragrant, about 1 minute. Add the pork and beef and cook, breaking up the meat, until browned, about 4 minutes.

  4. Step 4

    Add the tomato paste and stir until combined. Add the diced tomatoes, bring to a simmer and cook for 1 minute. Turn off the heat and stir in the rice. Season with more salt and pepper to taste. Set aside until the mixture is cool to the touch, then mix in the egg and dill until well combined.

  5. Step 5

    Spread one-third of the tomato sauce onto the bottom of a 9-by-13-inch baking dish. Place one of the 10 cabbage leaves on a cutting board, cut side away from you. Spoon about ½ cup of the filling onto the center of the leaf, spreading it out into a horizontal log. Fold the left and right sides in slightly, then tightly roll, starting with the side closest to you. Place the roll seam-side down in the pan and repeat with the remaining cabbage leaves, arranging in two rows.

  6. Step 6

    Pour the remaining tomato sauce over the cabbage rolls. Cover the pan with foil and bake for 1 hour and 15 minutes, until the sauce is bubbling and the cabbage is tender when pierced with a fork. Cool for 10 minutes, then remove the foil, sprinkle with more dill and black pepper, and serve.

Tips
  • Save and refrigerate the leftover cabbage leaves; they can be chopped and sauteed in butter or olive oil for a quick side dish. You can also freeze the leftover cabbage — remove and coarsely chop the extra leaves, then pack into a freezer-safe resealable bag or container and freeze for up to 3 months.
  • Make ahead: The prep for this recipe is somewhat labor-intensive, but the filling can be cooked and the rolls can be assembled earlier in the day. If you plan to make them in advance, store the filled baking dish in the fridge, then add the final layer of tomato sauce when you’re ready to bake.

Ratings

4 out of 5
298 user ratings
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Cooking Notes

Freeze the whole head of cabbage to wilt and avoid all the boiling mess. Also, no need to precook the meat! Just like stuffed peppers, slow cook for a few hours.

I've been making gołąbki (stuffed cabbage) since childhood. Never made them by cooking the meat first.

I learned to make cabbage rolls from a friend's elderly Hungarian aunt. The main difference was the meat and rice were uncooked when they got rolled into the cabbage leaves. Makes a world of difference in ease.

I'm so happy to see this recipe here! My Italian-immigrant grandmother learned to make these from an "American" woman neighbor with whom she traded recipes. She didn't cook the meat first, but filled the cabbage leaves with raw beef and rice, stacked them tightly in a heavy Dutch oven, filled the pot with the cabbage water up to about a half-inch from the top of the cabbage rolls, and let the whole thing simmer for hours. Interesting difference. Tomato sauce and parmesan cheese topped the dish.

I've been freezing the head of cabbage for years. The leaves separate easily from the head. Do cut the bottom cabbage core first before freezing. I also agree with Leslie, don't precook the meat. Either cook on the stove or in the oven. I place raisins in with the chopped tomatoes and tomato sauce and add a little sugar. Delicious!

I grew up making this and this recipe is way off. 1. You can do just ground beef (but meatloaf mix is traditional) 2. No egg 3. Sauerkraut ! (drained) 4. I do not use any canned or pasted tomatoes, I just cook them in V8 (that's my dad's secret) and you can adjust accordingly because V8 already has a ton of other flavors. 4. No other spices just minced garlic, meat. V8 and sauerkraut.

Easier and faster to remove leaves and thick stems and them blanche them all at once. In France we often add nutmeg to the meat mixture and probably tyme too.

My Polish mother used cans of tomato soup to cover her cabbage rolls. That processed sweetness is just right for my taste and keeps the dish simple. Thank you for publishing this and letting me relive delicious childhood memories!

As a Ukrainian descendent, cabbage rolls have been a mainstay throughout my life. I agree with other comments, precooking the meat is not necessary. I love to use sour cabbage instead of regular cabbage - it's far easier to roll and the flavor is unbeatable!

No rice paddies in Eastern Europe, so I always used barley. Don't need meat, either, just par -cookerd barley, onions and garlic. Add a little vinegar and some tumeric to the tomato sauce. A little flour/butter roux makes it super delicious.

Cabbage rolls exist in many cuisines, but the best is Romanian sarmale, because they use pickled cabbage, which adds a lot of complexity, and they serve it with a very spicy pepper and a rich cream (on top of polenta). Every time I see another cabbage roll recipe I feel the need to proselytize, so apologies for that.

My family tossed a few raisins in the tomato sauce for a slightly sweet/sour flavor. I will always freeze the cabbage to avoid boiling the leaves. A godsend tip.

My Slovak family (great aunts, etc) always added a little sour cream. The recipe in a favorite Slovak-American cookbook uses a half cup of “tomato soup” for the sauce and adds to that a half cup of sour cream. It was pure delicious comfort food.

My mother and grandmother were from Poland. You don't have to submerge the cabbage, you can steam it. I also partially core it first. I have never tried it, but I have heard from many people that freezing the cabbage works well. We also never browned the meat ahead of time - we rolled it into the cabbage leaves and cooked it in the sauce. I can see baking the dish, but in our family we always used a pressure cooker. Not saying our way is the only way, but people may want to consider it.

I love that cookbook! The First Slovak Catholic Ladies Association (est. in Northeastern Ohio) published that book and every Slovak family had it, including mine. I have my own copy of the cookbook. I'm told that my grandmother and great aunt contributed several recipes, but I don't know which ones.

I kinda think Salt Pork is important for this. Start with rendering 6 oz of salt pork, cubed. Remove to a bowl, (put on top b4 baking), then saute a whole yellow onion, chopped, in the pork fat. again, remove to a separate bowl... then you can go ahead and brown the beef and pork, yes, many people are fans of keeping it raw. My polish by marriage aunt cooked hers with raw meat, which always kinda grossed me out... so, I'm just saying, I like the browning of the meat first. Food safety first.

If you don't pre-cook the rice, won't it expand in the rolls and split them open...?

I didn’t have sweet paprika, so I used regular and then added in about 1/8 tsp of cinnamon. It added such a great complexity to the flavors. Also, my Polish-American family recipe uses ketchup instead of tomato sauce. Agreed with everyone else that the meat & rice should cook in the oven.

In some Ashkenazi Jewish families these are called "prakas".

My mom made what we called "de-constructed" cabbage rolls. All the same ingredients (she did make it sweet and sour with lemon juice and some sugar in the tomato sauce) but made meat balls and cooked them in the sauce with shredded cabbage leaves (which cooked down) instead of stuffing them. Served with mashed potatoes. Yum.

I don’t come to these recipes to make or announce changes to them. However, as a Hungarian and a sauerkraut lover, it’s hard not to point out how delicious these would also be if layered with mixture of tomato juice (V-8 is great) and good sauerkraut with the extra cabbage leaves chopped up & added to the mix. It’s one of my favorite childhood dishes, served over buttery mashed potatoes. We never cooked our meat beforehand. Let it cook in and assume the tomato/sauerkraut flavors. ❤️ this site.

This is a general note to the cooking section comments in general. I love the comment section here and generally find it hilarious. The number of times I see comments like, it called for ground beef, but I used ground tofu, or it calls for pasta but I used potatoes, it’s endless. How about make the darn recipe, and report back on that?? Might actually be helpful. To the person that said use V-8, I grew up with stuffed cabbages too, my grandmother made them as well, and trust me, there was no V-8

These were a big Sunday treat in my mom's Hungarian family. They called them glumpies (sp.). She did not precook the meat (pork and beef), used barley instead of rice, sauerkraut between the layers, and she'd tuck pork short ribs in the sauerkraut. It would braise in the oven for around three hours - adding more liquid as needed. My modern take is mainly the same, but I replace the V8 with my own veg stock mixed with a little tomato paste.

To mimic my grandmother’s flavors I added 1 teaspoon ground nutmeg and 1/4 teaspoon ground allspice. Perfect.

My family uses tomato soup and tops with sauerkraut. Tastes like childhood.

My Ukrainian grandmother simply used a bottle of Russian salad dressing. No V8 or tomato soup. Like many others she did not pre-cook the meat either. Such good memories.

This was awesome. Wanted to use a huge head of cabbage I harvested at our community farm - this fit the bill! Blanched the individual cabbage leaves - no muss no fuss. Used one pound of ground turkey and cooked brown rice. Added some ras el hanout just to kick it up a notch - it’s my fave new spice blend! Otherwise I made as directed. Used 15 cabbage leaves. Feeds a crowd. Thanks NYT!

Made these tonight with soy crumbles, and added a little cider vinegar and a little sugar to the sauce. Really love it.

I agree with using sour cabbage. I find mine at a local Middle Eastern market.

IP hack: Coring the cabbage first, pressure cook the head for 2 minutes on a rack with 1.5 cups of water. Leaving the leftover cabbage steaming water and rack in place, stack the stuffed cabbage rolls in the IP, layering them with any extra cabbage leaves. Pour tomato sauce over and pressure cook on high for 20 minutes, then quick release. I didn't cook the meat or the rice prior to stuffing, and the rolls were delicious and didn't need the tomato sauce. Yum!

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