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Risk assessments and summaries of influenza at the human-animal interface

WHO, with partners, routinely, and on an ad hoc basis, assesses the public health risk of animal influenza viruses. As influenza viruses are constantly evolving and spreading in animal populations, there is a continuous need to re-assess the risks as the situation evolves and when more information becomes available. Below are ad hoc risk assessments and routine risk assessments. Additionally, an archive of summaries of influenza at the human-animal interface is included below.

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Avian influenza A(H5N1) virus

Avian influenza A(H7N9) virus

Ad hoc risk assessments

26 April 2024

2020

9 December 2020

Human cases of influenza at the human-animal interface, January 2015 – April 2017

10 July 2015

Human cases of influenza at the human-animal interface, January 2014-April 2015

11 July 2014

Human cases of influenza at the human–animal interface, 2013

29 March 2013

Update on human cases of influenza at the human–animal interface, 2012

30 March 2012

Update on human cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection, 2011

9 February 2007

Update: WHO-confirmed human cases of avian influenza A(H5N1) infection, 25 November 2003–24 November 2006

30 June 2006

Epidemiology of WHO-confirmed human cases of avian influenza A(H5N1) infection

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Joint FAO/WHO/WOAH preliminary assessment of recent influenza A(H5N1) viruses Joint FAO/WHO/WOAH preliminary assessment of recent influenza A(H5N1) viruses

Preliminary FAO/WHO/WOAH Joint Rapid Risk Assessment - Human infection with influenza A(H5N1), Cambodia (2023) Preliminary FAO/WHO/WOAH Joint Rapid Risk Assessment - Human infection with influenza A(H5N1), Cambodia (2023)

Assessment of risk associated with recent influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses Assessment of risk associated with recent influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses

Joint FAO/OIE/WHO Preliminary Risk Assessment Associated with Avian Influenza A(H3N8) Virus Joint FAO/OIE/WHO Preliminary Risk Assessment Associated with Avian Influenza A(H3N8) Virus

Assessment of risk associated with influenza A(H5N6) virus Assessment of risk associated with influenza A(H5N6) virus

Assessment of risk associated with influenza A(H5N8) virus Assessment of risk associated with influenza A(H5N8) virus

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 3 May 2024 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 3 May 2024

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 28 March 2024 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 28 March 2024

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 26 February 2024 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 26 February 2024

2023

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 21 December 2023 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 21 December 2023

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 1 November 2023 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 1 November 2023

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 3 October 2023 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 3 October 2023

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 30 August 2023 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 30 August 2023

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 14 July 2023 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 14 July 2023

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 31 May 2023 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 31 May 2023

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 24 April 2023 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 24 April 2023

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 3 March 2023 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 3 March 2023

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 26 January 2023 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 26 January 2023

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 5 January 2023 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 5 January 2023

2022

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 11 November 2022 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 11 November 2022

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 5 October 2022 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 5 October 2022

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 30 August 2022 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 30 August 2022

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 27 June 2022 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 27 June 2022

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 13 May 2022 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 13 May 2022

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 7 April 2022 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 7 April 2022

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 1 March 2022 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 1 March 2022

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 21 January 2022 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 21 January 2022

2021

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 13 December 2021 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 13 December 2021

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 1 October 2021 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 1 October 2021

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 8 August 2021 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 8 August 2021

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 22 June 2021 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 22 June 2021

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 21 May 2021 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 21 May 2021

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 15 April 2021 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 15 April 2021

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 29 January 2021 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 29 January 2021

2020

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 9 December 2020 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 9 December 2020

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 23 October 2020 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 23 October 2020

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 10 July 2020 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 10 July 2020

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 8 May 2020 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 8 May 2020

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 28 February 2020 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 28 February 2020

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 20 January 2020 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 20 January 2020

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 25 November 2019 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 25 November 2019

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 27 September 2019 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 27 September 2019

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 24 June 2019 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 24 June 2019

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 10 May 2019 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 10 May 2019

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 9 April 2019 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 9 April 2019

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 12 February 2019 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 12 February 2019

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 21 January 2019 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 21 January 2019

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 13 December 2018 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 13 December 2018

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 1 November 2018 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 1 November 2018

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 21 September 2018 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 21 September 2018

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 20 July 2018 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 20 July 2018

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 28 May 2018 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 28 May 2018

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 2 March 2018 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 2 March 2018

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 25 January 2018 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 25 January 2018

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 7 December 2017 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 7 December 2017

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 30 October 2017 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 30 October 2017

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 27 September 2017 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 27 September 2017

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 25 July 2017 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 25 July 2017

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 15 June 2017 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 15 June 2017

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 16 May 2017 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 16 May 2017

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 20 April 2017 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 20 April 2017

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 16 March 2017 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 16 March 2017

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 14 February 2017 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 14 February 2017

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 16 January 2017 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 16 January 2017

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 19 December 2016 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 19 December 2016

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 21 November 2016 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 21 November 2016

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 3 October 2016 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 3 October 2016

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 19 July 2016 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 19 July 2016

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 13 June 2016 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 13 June 2016

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 9 May 2016 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 9 May 2016

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 4 April 2016 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 4 April 2016

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 25 February 2016 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 25 February 2016

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 20 January 2016 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 20 January 2016

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 14 December 2015 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 14 December 2015

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 13 November 2015 Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 13 November 2015

Joint FAO/WHO/WOAH preliminary assessment of recent influenza A(H5N1) viruses

Preliminary FAO/WHO/WOAH Joint Rapid Risk Assessment - Human infection with influenza A(H5N1), Cambodia (2023)

Assessment of risk associated with recent influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses

Joint FAO/OIE/WHO Preliminary Risk Assessment Associated with Avian Influenza A(H3N8) Virus

Assessment of risk associated with influenza A(H5N6) virus

Assessment of risk associated with influenza A(H5N8) virus

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 3 May 2024

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 28 March 2024

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 26 February 2024

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 21 December 2023

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 1 November 2023

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 3 October 2023

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 30 August 2023

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 14 July 2023

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 31 May 2023

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 24 April 2023

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 3 March 2023

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 26 January 2023

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 5 January 2023

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 11 November 2022

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 5 October 2022

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 30 August 2022

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 27 June 2022

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 13 May 2022

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 7 April 2022

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 1 March 2022

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 21 January 2022

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 13 December 2021

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 1 October 2021

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 8 August 2021

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 22 June 2021

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 21 May 2021

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 15 April 2021

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 29 January 2021

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 9 December 2020

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 23 October 2020

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 10 July 2020

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 8 May 2020

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 28 February 2020

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 20 January 2020

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 25 November 2019

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 27 September 2019

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 24 June 2019

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 10 May 2019

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 9 April 2019

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 12 February 2019

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 21 January 2019

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 13 December 2018

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 1 November 2018

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 21 September 2018

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 20 July 2018

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 28 May 2018

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 2 March 2018

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 25 January 2018

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 7 December 2017

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 30 October 2017

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 27 September 2017

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 25 July 2017

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 15 June 2017

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 16 May 2017

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 20 April 2017

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 16 March 2017

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 14 February 2017

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 16 January 2017

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 19 December 2016

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 21 November 2016

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 3 October 2016

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 19 July 2016

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 13 June 2016

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 9 May 2016

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 4 April 2016

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 25 February 2016

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 20 January 2016

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 14 December 2015

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 13 November 2015

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 15 October 2015

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 4 September 2015

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 17 July 2015

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 23 June 2015

Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 1 May 2015