This document discusses continuous wave (CW) radar and frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar. It defines radar as an electromagnetic device that can detect objects hidden from view using radio waves. Radar is classified into primary types including CW and modulated radar. CW radar uses the Doppler effect to detect moving targets based on changes in transmitted frequency. However, CW radar cannot determine range. FMCW radar modulates the transmitted frequency over time and compares the received frequency to determine both range and radial velocity of targets. Key applications of radar include military surveillance, weather monitoring, air traffic control and more.
This document provides an overview of radar systems. It discusses the history, principle, basic design, and applications of radar. Radar was developed in the early 1900s and uses radio waves to detect and measure the range of objects. The basic components of a radar system include a transmitter, receiver, antenna, and display. Radar has military, air traffic control, remote sensing, and other applications. It has advantages such as ability to see through various mediums but also disadvantages like inability to distinguish close targets.
Radar stands for Radio Detection and Ranging. It is a system that transmits electromagnetic waves and analyzes the echoes from objects to detect and determine their range, altitude, direction or speed. The basic parts of a radar system include a transmitter, receiver, antenna and indicator. The radar equation describes the power returning to the receiving antenna based on factors like the transmitted power, antenna gains, radar cross section of the target, and distance. There are different types of radars like pulse radar, moving target indication radar, pulse Doppler radar and tracking radar used for various applications like air traffic control, missile guidance and ground surveillance.
Tracking radar continuously monitors the angle, range, and velocity of targets to determine their trajectory over time. There are several types, including single target trackers designed for high precision on guided missiles and air surveillance radars for lower precision air traffic monitoring. Tracking is achieved through angular measurements made by conical scanning, amplitude comparison monopulse, or phase comparison monopulse systems. Factors like glint, receiver noise, and servo errors can impact tracking accuracy.
This document discusses continuous wave (CW) radar and frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar. It defines radar as an electromagnetic device that can detect objects hidden from view using radio waves. Radar is classified into primary types including CW and modulated radar. CW radar uses the Doppler effect to detect moving targets based on changes in transmitted frequency. However, CW radar cannot determine range. FMCW radar modulates the transmitted frequency over time and compares the received frequency to determine both range and radial velocity of targets. Key applications of radar include military surveillance, weather monitoring, air traffic control and more.
This document provides an overview of radar systems. It discusses the history, principle, basic design, and applications of radar. Radar was developed in the early 1900s and uses radio waves to detect and measure the range of objects. The basic components of a radar system include a transmitter, receiver, antenna, and display. Radar has military, air traffic control, remote sensing, and other applications. It has advantages such as ability to see through various mediums but also disadvantages like inability to distinguish close targets.
Radar stands for Radio Detection and Ranging. It is a system that transmits electromagnetic waves and analyzes the echoes from objects to detect and determine their range, altitude, direction or speed. The basic parts of a radar system include a transmitter, receiver, antenna and indicator. The radar equation describes the power returning to the receiving antenna based on factors like the transmitted power, antenna gains, radar cross section of the target, and distance. There are different types of radars like pulse radar, moving target indication radar, pulse Doppler radar and tracking radar used for various applications like air traffic control, missile guidance and ground surveillance.
Tracking radar continuously monitors the angle, range, and velocity of targets to determine their trajectory over time. There are several types, including single target trackers designed for high precision on guided missiles and air surveillance radars for lower precision air traffic monitoring. Tracking is achieved through angular measurements made by conical scanning, amplitude comparison monopulse, or phase comparison monopulse systems. Factors like glint, receiver noise, and servo errors can impact tracking accuracy.
RADAR is an electromagnetic detection system that works by transmitting electromagnetic waves and studying the echo or reflected back waves. It has applications in air traffic control, ship safety, military uses, and more. The maximum unambiguous range of a radar is determined by its pulse repetition frequency, beyond which targets will cause ambiguous echoes. MTI radar uses doppler filtering and pulse cancellation to remove stationary clutter and detect moving targets. Limitations include equipment instability, internal clutter fluctuations, and finite time observing targets while scanning. Noncoherent MTI detects moving targets using amplitude fluctuations rather than phase fluctuations as in coherent MTI radar.
This document provides information about RF and microwave engineering:
1. It defines radio frequency as any electromagnetic wave frequency between 3KHz to 300GHz, which includes frequencies used for communications and radar signals. Microwaves are defined as electromagnetic waves between 300MHz to 300GHz.
2. Microwave engineering deals with the design of communication, navigation, and other systems that operate in the microwave frequency range. Key applications discussed include microwave ovens, radar, satellite communication, and TV.
3. Analysis of microwave circuits differs from low frequency circuits as the physical length of components is larger than signal wavelengths. S-parameters are used to relate the amplitude of scattered waves to incident waves in microwave circuit analysis.
Radar, which stands for radio detection and ranging, uses electromagnetic waves to detect distant objects such as aircraft, ships, motor vehicles, weather formations, and terrain. The document provides an overview of radar including its history, basic principles, components, types, factors affecting performance, applications, and advantages and disadvantages. It discusses how radar works by transmitting pulses of radio waves that bounce off objects and return to the radar receiver, enabling the determination of an object's range, altitude, direction, or speed.
Radar and secondary radar systems use radio waves to detect objects and provide essential information to operators. Radar works by transmitting radio waves that bounce off targets and are received, allowing calculation of range and position. Secondary radar requires aircraft to carry transponders that respond to interrogations by transmitting a coded reply signal carrying additional data like identification and altitude. This improves detection range and allows transmission of emergency information.
Radar was invented in the early 1900s and applied during World War II to detect aircraft. The basic principles of radar involve transmitting electromagnetic signals that are reflected off targets and detected. A typical radar system includes a transmitter, antenna, receiver, and display. The radar range equation relates key variables such as transmitted power, wavelength, target radar cross-section, and system losses to the maximum detectable range. Integration of multiple radar returns can improve the signal-to-noise ratio and increase detection range.
Radar was originally developed for military purposes during World War 2 to locate ships and airplanes. Scientists later discovered that radar could also detect precipitation, leading to its widespread use today in weather prediction and analysis. The document discusses the history and components of pulse transmission and continuous wave radars. It also covers different types of radars like search, tracking, air surveillance and weather radars as well as radar antenna types including reflector and array antennas. The performance of radar is influenced by factors like frequency bandwidth, antenna size, transmitter power and propagation effects which determine appropriate frequency bands for different radar applications and ranges.
The document discusses the history and components of radar systems. It describes how radar works by transmitting pulses that reflect off targets and return to the radar's receiver. Key radar observables are discussed like target range, angle, size, speed and features. The document also covers different types of radar including pulse and continuous wave, and various applications such as air traffic control, weather monitoring, and military uses. It concludes by discussing emerging radar technologies.
Radar uses radio waves to detect objects and determine their range, direction, and speed. It works by transmitting pulses of radio waves and receiving the echoes bounced back from objects. The time delay between transmission and reception is used to calculate distances to targets. Doppler radar uses the Doppler effect of radio waves to detect how fast targets are moving based on changes in frequency of the echoes.
This document discusses different types of pulsed radar systems and moving target indication techniques. It describes coherent and non-coherent radar systems, with coherent systems able to use echo phase information to determine target range and velocity. It then focuses on phase processing moving target indication using a delay-line canceller. The canceller subtracts delayed and undelayed video signals, causing signals from stationary targets to cancel out while signals from moving targets remain. This allows the radar display to only show moving targets.
A Klystron is a vacuum tube that can be used either as a generator or as an amplifier or as an oscillator, at microwave frequencies.The Klystron is a linear beam device; that is, the electron flow is in a straight line focused by an axial magnetic field.
The document summarizes key components and concepts in basic microwave engineering. It discusses waveguides and their operating frequencies based on dimensions. It also describes electric and magnetic fields in rectangular waveguides. Additional components summarized include coaxial to waveguide transitions, choke joints, coupling loops, phase shifters, junctions, tuners, mixers, isolators, circulators, directional couplers, and cavity resonators. Isolators, circulators, and directional couplers are multi-port devices that control the direction of signal propagation with differing levels of attenuation.
The document discusses different types of radar systems and their components and principles of operation. It covers topics like pulse radar vs continuous wave radar, components of each type of system like transmitter, receiver, antennas, and how factors like pulse width, repetition frequency and power affect radar performance and capabilities. It also discusses modulation techniques, antenna beam formation, and different types of radar displays.
The document discusses radar clutter and techniques for eliminating it. Clutter refers to radar returns from stationary objects that are not of interest. Two main techniques for reducing clutter are discussed: moving target indication (MTI) radar, which detects Doppler shifts from moving targets, and delay line cancellers/transversal filters, which cancel out stationary clutter returns. MTI radars preserve phase coherence to differentiate stationary vs moving targets, while cancellers/filters use weighted signal delays and summing to attenuate clutter signals.
This document summarizes Atul Sharma's training report on studying radar systems during an internship from June 16th to July 26th 2014. It introduces radar technology, explaining that radar uses radio waves to detect objects and determine their location, distance and direction. It then describes the basic principles of how radar works, including the radar range equation. It also outlines the main components of a radar system, such as the antenna, transmitter, receiver and display, and different types of radars like primary and secondary radar. Finally, it provides examples of specific radar sets used in India.
The document discusses the components and basic principles of radar. It explains that radar works by transmitting short bursts of radio signals and measuring the time it takes for those signals to reflect off objects and return. It identifies the three major components of radar as the scanner, transceiver, and indicator. The scanner rotates and transmits the radio signals, while the transceiver contains the transmitter and receiver. The indicator displays the objects detected by radar to help with navigation and collision avoidance. Basic radar components include a power supply, modulator, transmitter, and antenna system.
There are two basic types of radar: pulse transmission radar and continuous wave radar. Pulse transmission radar uses pulses of radio waves and measures the echo to determine characteristics like range, velocity, and direction of targets. Continuous wave radar transmits a continuous radio signal and detects frequency changes in the return echo to deduce such properties. The performance of radars is influenced by various factors related to the pulse shape, width, repetition frequency, power, and the receiver's bandwidth, sensitivity, and signal-to-noise ratio. Trade-offs exist between different performance characteristics like range accuracy, maximum range, and resolution.
RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging) uses radio pulses transmitted in the direction of a target and observes the reflection to detect and study distant targets. It measures a target's range, angles, size, speed, and features. The major radar components are an antenna, transmitter, receiver and display. Radar operates at different frequency bands and is used for applications like air traffic control, weather monitoring, and navigation.
This document provides an overview of radar systems. It discusses what radar is, the evolution of radar from its initial uses detecting objects with radio waves in the late 1800s. It then explains the basic principles of how radar works to detect objects using radio signal transmission and reflection. Key components of radar systems like transmitters, receivers, antennas and signal processing are described. Applications of radar systems include military, remote sensing, air traffic control, and navigation. The document also discusses radar modulators and antenna design considerations for radar.
1. Angle tracking systems use antenna beam patterns and signal amplitude measurements to determine the direction of a target. Common tracking techniques include lobe switching, conical scanning, and monopulse.
2. Conical scanning nutates a single beam to produce amplitude modulated target returns that can be used to calculate the tracking error. Monopulse uses overlapping dual beams and a hybrid circuit to directly measure the tracking error from the amplitude ratio of the difference and sum channels.
3. Instrument landing systems apply the principles of monopulse tracking to provide lateral and vertical guidance for aircraft during low visibility landings.
PCR : Polymerase chain reaction : classique et en temps réelNadia Terranti
la PCR comme outil en biologie moléculaire .
PCR : Déroulement, optimisation, limites , inconvénients et variantes.
PCR en temps réel et chimies de détéction
PCR quantitative
RADAR is an electromagnetic detection system that works by transmitting electromagnetic waves and studying the echo or reflected back waves. It has applications in air traffic control, ship safety, military uses, and more. The maximum unambiguous range of a radar is determined by its pulse repetition frequency, beyond which targets will cause ambiguous echoes. MTI radar uses doppler filtering and pulse cancellation to remove stationary clutter and detect moving targets. Limitations include equipment instability, internal clutter fluctuations, and finite time observing targets while scanning. Noncoherent MTI detects moving targets using amplitude fluctuations rather than phase fluctuations as in coherent MTI radar.
This document provides information about RF and microwave engineering:
1. It defines radio frequency as any electromagnetic wave frequency between 3KHz to 300GHz, which includes frequencies used for communications and radar signals. Microwaves are defined as electromagnetic waves between 300MHz to 300GHz.
2. Microwave engineering deals with the design of communication, navigation, and other systems that operate in the microwave frequency range. Key applications discussed include microwave ovens, radar, satellite communication, and TV.
3. Analysis of microwave circuits differs from low frequency circuits as the physical length of components is larger than signal wavelengths. S-parameters are used to relate the amplitude of scattered waves to incident waves in microwave circuit analysis.
Radar, which stands for radio detection and ranging, uses electromagnetic waves to detect distant objects such as aircraft, ships, motor vehicles, weather formations, and terrain. The document provides an overview of radar including its history, basic principles, components, types, factors affecting performance, applications, and advantages and disadvantages. It discusses how radar works by transmitting pulses of radio waves that bounce off objects and return to the radar receiver, enabling the determination of an object's range, altitude, direction, or speed.
Radar and secondary radar systems use radio waves to detect objects and provide essential information to operators. Radar works by transmitting radio waves that bounce off targets and are received, allowing calculation of range and position. Secondary radar requires aircraft to carry transponders that respond to interrogations by transmitting a coded reply signal carrying additional data like identification and altitude. This improves detection range and allows transmission of emergency information.
Radar was invented in the early 1900s and applied during World War II to detect aircraft. The basic principles of radar involve transmitting electromagnetic signals that are reflected off targets and detected. A typical radar system includes a transmitter, antenna, receiver, and display. The radar range equation relates key variables such as transmitted power, wavelength, target radar cross-section, and system losses to the maximum detectable range. Integration of multiple radar returns can improve the signal-to-noise ratio and increase detection range.
Radar was originally developed for military purposes during World War 2 to locate ships and airplanes. Scientists later discovered that radar could also detect precipitation, leading to its widespread use today in weather prediction and analysis. The document discusses the history and components of pulse transmission and continuous wave radars. It also covers different types of radars like search, tracking, air surveillance and weather radars as well as radar antenna types including reflector and array antennas. The performance of radar is influenced by factors like frequency bandwidth, antenna size, transmitter power and propagation effects which determine appropriate frequency bands for different radar applications and ranges.
The document discusses the history and components of radar systems. It describes how radar works by transmitting pulses that reflect off targets and return to the radar's receiver. Key radar observables are discussed like target range, angle, size, speed and features. The document also covers different types of radar including pulse and continuous wave, and various applications such as air traffic control, weather monitoring, and military uses. It concludes by discussing emerging radar technologies.
Radar uses radio waves to detect objects and determine their range, direction, and speed. It works by transmitting pulses of radio waves and receiving the echoes bounced back from objects. The time delay between transmission and reception is used to calculate distances to targets. Doppler radar uses the Doppler effect of radio waves to detect how fast targets are moving based on changes in frequency of the echoes.
This document discusses different types of pulsed radar systems and moving target indication techniques. It describes coherent and non-coherent radar systems, with coherent systems able to use echo phase information to determine target range and velocity. It then focuses on phase processing moving target indication using a delay-line canceller. The canceller subtracts delayed and undelayed video signals, causing signals from stationary targets to cancel out while signals from moving targets remain. This allows the radar display to only show moving targets.
A Klystron is a vacuum tube that can be used either as a generator or as an amplifier or as an oscillator, at microwave frequencies.The Klystron is a linear beam device; that is, the electron flow is in a straight line focused by an axial magnetic field.
The document summarizes key components and concepts in basic microwave engineering. It discusses waveguides and their operating frequencies based on dimensions. It also describes electric and magnetic fields in rectangular waveguides. Additional components summarized include coaxial to waveguide transitions, choke joints, coupling loops, phase shifters, junctions, tuners, mixers, isolators, circulators, directional couplers, and cavity resonators. Isolators, circulators, and directional couplers are multi-port devices that control the direction of signal propagation with differing levels of attenuation.
The document discusses different types of radar systems and their components and principles of operation. It covers topics like pulse radar vs continuous wave radar, components of each type of system like transmitter, receiver, antennas, and how factors like pulse width, repetition frequency and power affect radar performance and capabilities. It also discusses modulation techniques, antenna beam formation, and different types of radar displays.
The document discusses radar clutter and techniques for eliminating it. Clutter refers to radar returns from stationary objects that are not of interest. Two main techniques for reducing clutter are discussed: moving target indication (MTI) radar, which detects Doppler shifts from moving targets, and delay line cancellers/transversal filters, which cancel out stationary clutter returns. MTI radars preserve phase coherence to differentiate stationary vs moving targets, while cancellers/filters use weighted signal delays and summing to attenuate clutter signals.
This document summarizes Atul Sharma's training report on studying radar systems during an internship from June 16th to July 26th 2014. It introduces radar technology, explaining that radar uses radio waves to detect objects and determine their location, distance and direction. It then describes the basic principles of how radar works, including the radar range equation. It also outlines the main components of a radar system, such as the antenna, transmitter, receiver and display, and different types of radars like primary and secondary radar. Finally, it provides examples of specific radar sets used in India.
The document discusses the components and basic principles of radar. It explains that radar works by transmitting short bursts of radio signals and measuring the time it takes for those signals to reflect off objects and return. It identifies the three major components of radar as the scanner, transceiver, and indicator. The scanner rotates and transmits the radio signals, while the transceiver contains the transmitter and receiver. The indicator displays the objects detected by radar to help with navigation and collision avoidance. Basic radar components include a power supply, modulator, transmitter, and antenna system.
There are two basic types of radar: pulse transmission radar and continuous wave radar. Pulse transmission radar uses pulses of radio waves and measures the echo to determine characteristics like range, velocity, and direction of targets. Continuous wave radar transmits a continuous radio signal and detects frequency changes in the return echo to deduce such properties. The performance of radars is influenced by various factors related to the pulse shape, width, repetition frequency, power, and the receiver's bandwidth, sensitivity, and signal-to-noise ratio. Trade-offs exist between different performance characteristics like range accuracy, maximum range, and resolution.
RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging) uses radio pulses transmitted in the direction of a target and observes the reflection to detect and study distant targets. It measures a target's range, angles, size, speed, and features. The major radar components are an antenna, transmitter, receiver and display. Radar operates at different frequency bands and is used for applications like air traffic control, weather monitoring, and navigation.
This document provides an overview of radar systems. It discusses what radar is, the evolution of radar from its initial uses detecting objects with radio waves in the late 1800s. It then explains the basic principles of how radar works to detect objects using radio signal transmission and reflection. Key components of radar systems like transmitters, receivers, antennas and signal processing are described. Applications of radar systems include military, remote sensing, air traffic control, and navigation. The document also discusses radar modulators and antenna design considerations for radar.
1. Angle tracking systems use antenna beam patterns and signal amplitude measurements to determine the direction of a target. Common tracking techniques include lobe switching, conical scanning, and monopulse.
2. Conical scanning nutates a single beam to produce amplitude modulated target returns that can be used to calculate the tracking error. Monopulse uses overlapping dual beams and a hybrid circuit to directly measure the tracking error from the amplitude ratio of the difference and sum channels.
3. Instrument landing systems apply the principles of monopulse tracking to provide lateral and vertical guidance for aircraft during low visibility landings.
PCR : Polymerase chain reaction : classique et en temps réelNadia Terranti
la PCR comme outil en biologie moléculaire .
PCR : Déroulement, optimisation, limites , inconvénients et variantes.
PCR en temps réel et chimies de détéction
PCR quantitative
Analyse de méthodes intelligentes de détection de fissures dans diverses stru...Papa Cheikh Cisse
Dans cette présentation est exposée des techniques de détection de fissures dans des structures grâce à quelques technologies de l'Intelligence Artificielle telles que les réseaux de neurones, l'algorithme génétique, etc. On y expose aussi les différentes étapes d'un algorithme génétique tels que le croisement, la mutation, la sélection, ...
Détection des droites par la transformée de HoughKhaled Fayala
Pour extraire des informations à partir des images, il existe plusieurs approches qui se base sur la détection des éléments spécifiques dans l’image parmi ces approches nous citons la transformée de hough.
Gartner a annoncé la mort des IDS et IPS en 2003. Sont ils morts ? Si oui, qu'est ce qui les a remplacé ? Lors de cette présentation nous feront l'état de l'art de la détection d'intrusions moderne. Nous regarderons comment la communauté scientifique cherche à répondre aux critiques et aux problématiques de la détection d'intrusions et comment elles peut servir à solutionner de nouveaux problèmes. Finalement, nous prendrons du recul pour regarder les problèmes philosophiques et sémantiques, non pas seulement dans la détection d'intrusions, mais dans les mesures de protection des ordinateurs en général.
Résistance de Plasmodium vivax à la chloroquine - Présentation de la 4e édition du Cours international « Atelier Paludisme » - Grah Worro Elisabeth BEUGRE - Médecin/Chercheur - Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire - beugregrah@yahoo.fr
La 6ème édition du Meetup de la Voiture Connectée à Paris s'est tenue le 16 Février 2017, au Square Paris, le nouveau lab digital de Renault.
https://www.meetup.com/fr-FR/MeetupVoitureConnectee/
1) Liberty Rider : Première application de détection de chute en France, Liberty Rider a été conçue pour détecter les accidents à moto afin de prévenir les services de secours le plus rapidement et le plus efficacement possible.
2) Jamaica-Car par AICAS GmbH: un framework applicatif pour l'automobile connectée, ou comment implémenter un appstore sur un système d'info-divertissement automobile sans modifier le matériel existant.
3) De plus, Vincent Viollain de Viva Technology nous a présenté ses challenges de startups en lien avec les véhicules connectés et autonomes.
Les Meetups Voiture Connectée et Autonome vous sont proposés par Laurent Dunys, https://www.linkedin.com/in/laurentdunys, depuis 2016.
Rejoignez notre groupe en ligne: https://www.meetup.com/fr-FR/MeetupVoitureConnecteeAutonome
QIAseq Technologies for Metagenomics and Microbiome NGS Library PrepQIAGEN
In this slide deck, learn about the innovative technologies that form the basis of QIAGEN’s portfolio of QIAseq library prep solutions for metagenomics and microbiome sequencing. Whether your research starts from single microbial cells, 16s rRNA PCR amplicons, or gDNA for whole genome analysis, QIAseq technologies offer tips and tricks for capturing the genomic diversity of your samples in the most unbiased, streamlined way possible.
El documento describe la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC), definida como una disminución de la función renal o daño renal persistente durante al menos 3 meses. La ERC afecta a un alto porcentaje de la población debido a factores de riesgo como la hipertensión y la diabetes. Las guías K/DOQI proponen una clasificación de la ERC en 5 estadios basada en la tasa de filtración glomerular estimada para facilitar el diagnóstico y tratamiento. Los estadios iniciales se enfocan en la prevención mientras
This document provides an introduction to next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. It begins with an outline of topics to be covered, including the evolution of NGS technologies, their descriptions and comparisons, bioinformatics challenges of NGS data analysis, and some aspects of NGS data analysis workflows and tools. The document then delves into explanations of specific NGS platforms, their performance characteristics, and the sequencing processes. It discusses the large computational infrastructure and data management needs of NGS, as well as quality control, preprocessing of NGS data, and popular analysis tools and workflows.
Este documento resume la relación entre las Normas Internacionales de Auditoría (NIAs) y las Normas de Auditoría Generalmente Aceptadas (NAGAs). Ambos conjuntos de normas establecen los principios y procedimientos que guían la realización de auditorías de alta calidad. Las NIAs buscan uniformidad internacional mientras que las NAGAs se originaron en Estados Unidos. El documento clasifica y compara ambos conjuntos de normas.
Breve descripción de la evolución del marco de auditoría en España desde los años 70 a nuestros días y en impacto en los despachos y pequeñas firmas de auditoria
Videoconferencia impartida en Bogotá el pasado mes de mayo de 2016.
2. REPUBLIQUE ALGERIENNE DEMOCRATIQUE ET POPULAIRE MINISTERE DE L’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPERIEUR ET DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE UNIVERSITE MOHAMED KHIDER- BISKRA FACULTE DES SCIENCES ET SCIENCES DE L’INGENIEUR DEPARTEMENT D’AUTOMATIQUE THEME DES DETECTEURS CA, OS et ML-CFAR DANS UN CLUTTER DE DISTRIBUTION WEIBULL ANALYSE DES PERFORMANCES Proposé et dirigé par : Latifa Abdou Présenté par : Achbi Med Said Abadli A/Moutaleb
3. Plan du travail Introduction La détection Radar La détection CFAR Analyse des détecteurs CA, OS et ML-CFAR Résultats et interprétation Conclusion